2010-01-23

Electric Furnace


Furnace Heated by Resistance wire


 
Now a days an electric furnace is taking  major role both for domestic  and Industrial application. A chamber         heated by electric current is known as Electric Furnace.There are  many types of furnaces, also named as per purpose of use. Heat treatment furnace, Pit type furnace, Combustion furnace, Induction furnace, Muffle furnace etc. Electric furnaces are more cheaper than oil fired furnaces and gas fired furnace.To make an Electric furnace refractory bricks, heating elements, compensating cables, thermocouples, temperature Indicator-cum-controller etc. required.



Insulation Bricks
Refractory Bricks :

Best quality refractory bricks must be used in the furnaces either for coil holding or for insulation purpose, now a days, also ceramic bricks or ceramic blankets are used for insulation and this is also found to be the best insulation material for furnace. However, we should not forget that best insulation increase the life of any furnace. Resistance temperature of insulation material should be more than working temperature of furnace.

Heating Elements :


There are many type of heating element, we are discussing here about some common elements used in small size furnaces. Main function of heating elements to convert electricity to heat. Nichrome 80/20 and also Kanthal A'1 found the best heating elements within continuous working temperature of 1050 to 1100deg.c. available both strip, ribbon and also  wire form. Another heating element is Silicon Carbide heating elements. Silicon Carbide heating elements is also a best heating element.  Silicon Carbide works continuously at a  high temperature up to 1450deg.c. &  no  support require to hold this heating element.

Resistance Heating Elements

- Common maximum Temperature of heating Elements :
  • Kanthal A1 - max 1400degc.
  • Kanthal AF - max 1300degc.
  • Silicon Carbide - max range between 1300 from 1500deg. 




Thermocouples

 Thermocouples are pairs of dissimilar material wired and Joined at least one end. Function of any thermocouple wire is to convert heat or cool to Milli volt. In 1821, the German-Estonian Physicist John Allen  seebeck discovered that when any conductor such as metal is subjected to a thermal gradient, it will generate a Voltage.

Thermocouple



Compensating Cables:

Its also a very important that the right compensating cable is used between the controller and the thermocouple probe. Every different type of thermocouple has its own compensating cables. Compensating cable use the actual thermocouple materials but in cheaper forms.When connecting  a thermocouple to Temperature controller through compensating cable most important to know what is positive and what is negative wire  of compensating cable. Don't take for granted that RED is always positive and WHITE is negative. All cable have colour cord which are depending on the country of manufacturing.

Compensating Cables

-  Continuous working Temperature range for most common use Thermocouples:-
  • Type- K - (Cromel-Alumel) Temperature range 0 to +1200deg.c. {general Purpose T/c}
  • Type- J  -Temperature range 0 to +750deg.c.
  • Type- R - Pt/Pt-Rh13% Temperature range 0 to +1600deg.c. 
  • Type- B - Used Platinum and Rhodium contain each conductor one 30% rhodium and another 6% rhodium +200 to 1700deg.c.
  • Type - S - Suitable for higher temperature range between 0 to +1600deg.c.
  • Type- T - Copper & Constantant, both  conductors are non-magnetic (-)185 to +300deg.c.
  • Type- E -  Cromel & Constantan both conductors are non-magnetic 0 to +800deg.c.
  • Another one is RTDs ( resistance temperature detectors)  used in widely Industrial sector for its more accuracy within its range (-)200 to +500deg.c.  

Temperature Controllers :

 To control the temperature of any furnace a temperature controller is inevitable. It may be a blind temperature controller or Digital Temperature indicator-cum-controller. Temperature controller are available in market many types. So one has to choose a best temperature controller as per requirement of furnace. Function of On & off type temperature controller commonly used in furnace to control mood of  furnace to on and off as per set temperature and it will continue up to switch off the furnace.

Proportional Temperature Controller and PID temperature controller. PID temperature controller known as P= Proportional, I= Integral, D= Derivative., PID  calculate process variable & desired set point to minimize the error by adjusting process control input. For operating of PID some little technical knowledge is require.


Temperature Controllers


34 comments:

  1. Mr.Monoj i was not known about the technology and the procedure before.This post is informative.Please share more information in this blog.I know may be you are a busy man but try to make sometime to share some information.I have another blog which is named Teleinfo.I hope you will get some useful information over there.The link is http://teleinfobd.blogspot.com

    ReplyDelete
  2. Thanks for you comment. I wish to share more technical blog but due to lack of time I am unable to do so. My next blog will be about Industrial pollution.

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  3. Very attractive and effective blog is created by the blog owner I like the way of present his view with visitors. I would like to come on this blog again and again. Copper Wire, Aluminium Cable

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  4. Hi Manoj, only a little of your total experience in this field that you have shared here would certainly help others. However to know much about Refractory Bricks, Monolithics and their uses in different furnaces / kilns used by different industries, Industry news and much more you are invited to visit Refractory Lining | Steel Industry | Jobs.

    Thanks.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Dear Dr. Abhijit,
    Thanks for your comment here. Yes, I share a little bit of my experience here about electric furnace and related components. I hope this might be helpful to create a basic knowledge for students of engineering or industrial interested person who wish to know about the function and related spares about an electric furnace .

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  11. Mr. Ravi,

    It's my great pleasure. Thanks for your reading.

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  13. Many may be surprised to learn that an electric furnace is one of the most efficient types of furnaces to run, if one is looking strictly at the heat loss aspect. There are no noxious gases being created and therefore no need to have flues or other discharges for those heated gasses, so all heat goes into the home.

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  15. Temperature Recorders are the devices which helps in measuring heat generated on environment as well as in industries.

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  18. very informative blog... Even a person without experience can read and understand it ..
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  20. Although an electric heating system does have advantages, its operating cost generally makes it less desirable than any of the other furnace systems available today. The high cost means that minimizing heat loss caused by improperly installed ducts or inadequate insulation is even more important than with other types of systems.

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  21. An electric furnace has a few features that put them above those that are propane or natural gas, but they also have some disadvantages that put them below those types as well. It is essential that you know exactly how these furnaces are different from other alternatives, and whether or not they will work well for you.

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